Natural Estrogens in the Surface Water of Shenzhen and the Sewage Discharge of Hong Kong

Despite the fact that estrogens cause hormonal disturbances in aquatic organisms, few studies on the estrogen contamination in our surface waters have been conducted. This study was thus conducted (1) to investigate the level of estrogens in the surface waters in Shenzhen and (2) to examine the estrogen levels in the sewage discharges in Hong Kong. Total estrogens (estrone E1, estradiol E2, and estriol E3) in the samples taken from two reservoirs, five rivers, and thirty sampling locations of the seawater in Shenzhen were measured by using ELISA kits. The preliminary results have revealed that the level of estrogens in the surface waters of Shenzhen is generally higher than that in the similar water bodies in well-developed nations. Sewage could be the major source of the estrogen contamination in these waters. The total estrogens levels in the Xili and Shenzhen Reservoirs were in a range of 3–11 ng/L with a mean value of 7 ng/L, where that in four rivers in Shenzhen were found to be 47–90 ng/L and 60.25 ng/L, respectively. In the seawater near the sewage discharge points they were 260–300 ng/L and 287 ng/L, respectively. The estradiol levels in the influent and effluent of three sewage treatment works (STWs) in Hong Kong were also monitored. The activated sludge process used in these STWs removed more than 80% whereas the chemical coagulation processed used at the Stonecutters Island STW removed less estrogens. Biological treatment appears to play a significant role in removing estrogens from wastewater.     

Functional properties of two human B cell growth factor species separated by lectin affinity column

The supernatants from PHA-activated normal human T cells (conditioned medium) were fractionated by differential adsorption on Con A-Sepharose columns. The effluent contained both IL 2 activity (tested on the CTL-L2 cell line) and BCGF activity (tested on anti-mu-activated normal B-enriched cells). Absorption of such effluent on PHA-activated T cell blasts removed the IL 2 activity without affecting the BCGF activity. The eluate also displayed BCGF activity (tested on anti-mu-activated B-enriched cells) without detectable IL 2 activity. The two BCGF species isolated by this criteria synergize with semipurified IL 1 to support the anti-mu-induced proliferation of highly monocyte-depleted B cells. Both BCGF species required the presence of anti-mu Ab to support the proliferation of small B cells (at the G0 stage). However, in contrast to crude conditioned medium and to the BCGF present in the effluent, the BCGF present in the eluate was unable to induce the proliferation of unfractionated or large (at the G1 stage) B cells in the absence of anti-mu Ab. These results support the existence of two functionally different human BCGF species, differing at least in their relative sugar content and distinct from IL 2.     

Isolation and purification of morphine receptor by affinity chromatography

Brain membranes were solubilized by sonication and Triton X-100 extraction and applied to an affinity column consisting of a 6-succinyl morphine derivative of Affi Gel-102. A fraction exhibiting high opiate binding was eluted by tris-buffer containing naloxone, CHAPS and NaCl. This fraction consisted of both proteins and acidic lipids. The opiate binding properties of this purified material exhibited many properties similar to those of membrane bound receptors of the u-type, including high affinity, stereospecificity, Na-effect and rank order in affinity for opiates. This opiate binding material was highly sensitive to both trypsin and N-ethylmaleimide. Based on the protein content of the isolated membrane receptor, a 3200-fold purification over the original brain P2 fraction was achieved.     

二龄草鱼肠炎病发病机理

本文通过对患肠炎病的二龄草鱼病鱼和正常草鱼的肠道及血液中的产气单胞菌(Aeromonas)的数量和毒力的比较,病鱼肠道、血液和其他内脏中的产气单胞菌所出现比率的调查,不同水温对该菌致病力的影响和用菌体提取液接种鱼体,以及用鲎试剂(鲎变形细胞溶解物Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate“TAL”)对病鱼和正常鱼体内的内毒素进行测定等一系列的试验和观察,从而推断出二龄草鱼细菌性肠炎病的发病机理。     

频差在立体视觉信息加工中的作用 Ⅱ、频差“克服”视差

双眼立体视觉机制至今不很清楚,存在不少争论,研究它具有深远意义。我们的兴趣是从心理物理、电生理和理论模型三方面开展工作,最终目标是试图搞清楚视觉立体信息处理类机制。本文主要利用心理物理学方法研究频差克差视差的问题。我们利用自己研制的一种多功能立体图形发生器产生左边为非均匀条纹、右边为均匀条纹的一系列具有不同视差的立体图对。在感知到“阶梯”后,用三种方法使得“阶梯”感变平:①改变均匀条纹的频率,②改变均匀条纹与被试的距离,③改变非均匀条纹与被试者的距离。从而实现了频差“克服”视差。我们的结果支持用频差来解释双眼倾斜现象,它使我们相信频差是视差在初级视系统中的表象形式。     

高原青少年最大有氧能力的研究

采用自行车递增负荷运动试验,对青海西宁地区(海拔2260m)86名13～16岁男女中学生的最大摄氧量,无氧阈以及血氧饱和度等指标进行了测定。结果表明,高原青少年的最大摄氧量较低,而无氧阈则较高。血氧饱和度随负荷增加逐渐降低,在接近极限负荷时迅速下降,提示高原低氧是限制最大运动能力的主要因素。无氧阈较高说明高原青少年组织细胞利用氧的能力提高,这是对高原低氧环境长期适应的结果。     

低压脉冲电泳介导的外源基因转化部分酶解的水稻小细胞团

开发了一类新型的低压脉冲电泳法介导外源基因进入水稻细胞的转化系统。本系统以水稻部分酶解小细胞团为受体,采用低压脉冲电泳推动质核DNA进入水稻细胞。以报告基因GUS酶活性为指标,借以测定转化了的水稻细胞。最佳的组合处理可以获得8.2％的转化频率。文中对低压脉冲电泳转移外源基因的条件亦作了讨论。     

人膀胱癌中某些癌基因的研究

本实验应用Northern和斑点印渍杂交技术探测了人膀胱癌细胞株中c-myc、c-fos、erbB等癌基因的表达,以及TPA对这些癌基因表达的调控,发现BIU-87细胞有这些癌基因的表达,并能被TPA所增强,同时也发现人膀胱癌组织有c-myc、c-fos、erbB、N-ras基因的高表达。提示蛋白激酶C的激活可以诱导某些癌基因的表达。多种癌基因的表达异常可能在膀胱癌中起重要作用。     

山苍子的生药学研究

本文从来源、性状及显微鉴别等方面,对山苍子进行了较全面的生药学研究,为广泛地推广这一药物资源,使之准确、安全、有效地应用于临床,提供了依据。